怎么用Python写一个迷宫的小游戏-群英

上一篇：Python中字典的增删改查操作怎样实现下一篇：Python切片的基础和高级用法分别怎样

这篇文章主要介绍“怎么用Python写一个迷宫的小游戏”的相关知识，下面会通过实际案例向大家展示操作过程，操作方法简单快捷，实用性强，希望这篇“怎么用Python写一个迷宫的小游戏”文章能帮助大家解决问题。

前言

今天为大家带来解闷用的过迷宫小游戏分享给大家好了。让我们愉快地开始吧~

开发工具

Python版本： 3.6.4

环境搭建

安装Python并添加到环境变量，pip安装需要的相关模块即可。

原理简介

游戏规则：

玩家通过↑↓←→键控制主角行动，使主角从出发点(左上角)绕出迷宫，到达终点(右下角)即为游戏胜利。

逐步实现：

首先，当然是创建迷宫啦，为了方便，这里采用随机生成迷宫的方式(人工设计真的费眼睛，弄到一半不想弄了，有兴趣的可以自行尝试。)。思路其实很简单，就是把游戏界面划分成多个cell，类似这样子：

然后设计算法遍历所有的cell，每个被遍历到的cell在某几个随机的方向上打开一堵墙(就是去掉分割cell的线条)就ok啦~

主要代码

'''随机生成迷宫类'''
class RandomMaze():
  def __init__(self, maze_size, block_size, border_size, **kwargs):
    self.block_size = block_size
    self.border_size = border_size
    self.maze_size = maze_size
    self.blocks_list = RandomMaze.createMaze(maze_size, block_size, border_size)
    self.font = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 15)
  '''画到屏幕上'''
  def draw(self, screen):
    for row in range(self.maze_size[0]):
      for col in range(self.maze_size[1]):
        self.blocks_list[row][col].draw(screen)
    # 起点和终点标志
    showText(screen, self.font, 'S', (255, 0, 0), (self.border_size[0]-10, self.border_size[1]))
    showText(screen, self.font, 'D', (255, 0, 0), (self.border_size[0]+(self.maze_size[1]-1)*self.block_size, self.border_size[1]+self.maze_size[0]*self.block_size+5))
  '''创建迷宫'''
  @staticmethod
  def createMaze(maze_size, block_size, border_size):
    def nextBlock(block_now, blocks_list):
      directions = ['top', 'bottom', 'left', 'right']
      blocks_around = dict(zip(directions, [None]*4))
      block_next = None
      count = 0
      # 查看上边block
      if block_now.coordinate[1]-1 >= 0:
        block_now_top = blocks_list[block_now.coordinate[1]-1][block_now.coordinate[0]]
        if not block_now_top.is_visited:
          blocks_around['top'] = block_now_top
          count += 1
      # 查看下边block
      if block_now.coordinate[1]+1 < maze_size[0]:
        block_now_bottom = blocks_list[block_now.coordinate[1]+1][block_now.coordinate[0]]
        if not block_now_bottom.is_visited:
          blocks_around['bottom'] = block_now_bottom
          count += 1
      # 查看左边block
      if block_now.coordinate[0]-1 >= 0:
        block_now_left = blocks_list[block_now.coordinate[1]][block_now.coordinate[0]-1]
        if not block_now_left.is_visited:
          blocks_around['left'] = block_now_left
          count += 1
      # 查看右边block
      if block_now.coordinate[0]+1 < maze_size[1]:
        block_now_right = blocks_list[block_now.coordinate[1]][block_now.coordinate[0]+1]
        if not block_now_right.is_visited:
          blocks_around['right'] = block_now_right
          count += 1
      if count > 0:
        while True:
          direction = random.choice(directions)
          if blocks_around.get(direction):
            block_next = blocks_around.get(direction)
            if direction == 'top':
              block_next.has_walls[1] = False
              block_now.has_walls[0] = False
            elif direction == 'bottom':
              block_next.has_walls[0] = False
              block_now.has_walls[1] = False
            elif direction == 'left':
              block_next.has_walls[3] = False
              block_now.has_walls[2] = False
            elif direction == 'right':
              block_next.has_walls[2] = False
              block_now.has_walls[3] = False
            break
      return block_next
    blocks_list = [[Block([col, row], block_size, border_size) for col in range(maze_size[1])] for row in range(maze_size[0])]
    block_now = blocks_list[0][0]
    records = []
    while True:
      if block_now:
        if not block_now.is_visited:
          block_now.is_visited = True
          records.append(block_now)
        block_now = nextBlock(block_now, blocks_list)
      else:
        block_now = records.pop()
        if len(records) == 0:
          break
    return blocks_list

接下来就是定义角色类啦，角色类需要根据用户的操作进行上下左右的移动，同时，保证移动是不能跨越墙的就OK了~具体而言，代码实现如下：

'''定义hero'''
class Hero(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
  def __init__(self, imagepath, coordinate, block_size, border_size, **kwargs):
    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
    self.image = pygame.image.load(imagepath)
    self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (block_size, block_size))
    self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
    self.rect.left, self.rect.top = coordinate[0] * block_size + border_size[0], coordinate[1] * block_size + border_size[1]
    self.coordinate = coordinate
    self.block_size = block_size
    self.border_size = border_size
  '''移动'''
  def move(self, direction, maze):
    blocks_list = maze.blocks_list
    if direction == 'up':
      if blocks_list[self.coordinate[1]][self.coordinate[0]].has_walls[0]:
        return False
      else:
        self.coordinate[1] = self.coordinate[1] - 1
        return True
    elif direction == 'down':
      if blocks_list[self.coordinate[1]][self.coordinate[0]].has_walls[1]:
        return False
      else:
        self.coordinate[1] = self.coordinate[1] + 1
        return True
    elif direction == 'left':
      if blocks_list[self.coordinate[1]][self.coordinate[0]].has_walls[2]:
        return False
      else:
        self.coordinate[0] = self.coordinate[0] - 1
        return True
    elif direction == 'right':
      if blocks_list[self.coordinate[1]][self.coordinate[0]].has_walls[3]:
        return False
      else:
        self.coordinate[0] = self.coordinate[0] + 1
        return True
    else:
      raise ValueError('Unsupport direction <%s> in Hero.move...' % direction)
  '''绑定到屏幕'''
  def draw(self, screen):
    self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.coordinate[0] * self.block_size + self.border_size[0], self.coordinate[1] * self.block_size + self.border_size[1]
    screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

最后，就是写下游戏主循环，这个其实也很简单，只要每次载入一个随机生成的迷宫地图和实例化一个主角，然后不断进行按键检测，并根据按键检测的结果移动主角，最后根据行动结果更新界面数据就OK了~当然，若主角到达了终点，则进入关卡切换界面。

具体而言，代码实现如下：

'''主函数'''
def main(cfg):
  # 初始化
  pygame.init()
  pygame.mixer.init()
  pygame.font.init()
  pygame.mixer.music.load(cfg.BGMPATH)
  pygame.mixer.music.play(-1, 0.0)
  screen = pygame.display.set_mode(cfg.SCREENSIZE)
  pygame.display.set_caption('Maze - 微信公众号: Charles的皮卡丘')
  font = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 15)
  # 开始界面
  Interface(screen, cfg, 'game_start')
  # 记录关卡数
  num_levels = 0
  # 记录最少用了多少步通关
  best_scores = 'None'
  # 关卡循环切换
  while True:
    num_levels += 1
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(cfg.SCREENSIZE)
    # --随机生成关卡地图
    maze_now = RandomMaze(cfg.MAZESIZE, cfg.BLOCKSIZE, cfg.BORDERSIZE)
    # --生成hero
    hero_now = Hero(cfg.HEROPICPATH, [0, 0], cfg.BLOCKSIZE, cfg.BORDERSIZE)
    # --统计步数
    num_steps = 0
    # --关卡内主循环
    while True:
      dt = clock.tick(cfg.FPS)
      screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
      is_move = False
      # ----↑↓←→控制hero
      for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
          pygame.quit()
          sys.exit(-1)
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
          if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
            is_move = hero_now.move('up', maze_now)
          elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
            is_move = hero_now.move('down', maze_now)
          elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            is_move = hero_now.move('left', maze_now)
          elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            is_move = hero_now.move('right', maze_now)
      num_steps += int(is_move)
      hero_now.draw(screen)
      maze_now.draw(screen)
      # ----显示一些信息
      showText(screen, font, 'LEVELDONE: %d' % num_levels, (255, 0, 0), (10, 10))
      showText(screen, font, 'BESTSCORE: %s' % best_scores, (255, 0, 0), (210, 10))
      showText(screen, font, 'USEDSTEPS: %s' % num_steps, (255, 0, 0), (410, 10))
      showText(screen, font, 'S: your starting point    D: your destination', (255, 0, 0), (10, 600))
      # ----判断游戏是否胜利
      if (hero_now.coordinate[0] == cfg.MAZESIZE[1] - 1) and (hero_now.coordinate[1] == cfg.MAZESIZE[0] - 1):
        break
      pygame.display.update()
    # 更新最优成绩
    if best_scores == 'None':
      best_scores = num_steps
    else:
      if best_scores > num_steps:
        best_scores = num_steps
    # 关卡切换
    Interface(screen, cfg, mode='game_switch')

以上就是关于“怎么用Python写一个迷宫的小游戏”的相关知识，感谢各位的阅读，想要掌握这篇文章的知识点还需要大家自己动手实践使用过才能领会，如果想了解更多相关内容的文章，欢迎关注群英网络，小编每天都会为大家更新不同的知识。