Pandas中用什么方法对DF重排和旋转,操作是怎样
Admin 2022-06-24 群英技术资讯 394 次浏览
pivot用来重组DF,使用指定的index,columns和values来对现有的DF进行重构。
看一个Pivot的例子:
通过pivot变化,新的DF使用foo中的值作为index,使用bar的值作为columns,zoo作为对应的value。
再看一个时间变化的例子:
In [1]: df Out[1]: date variable value 0 2000-01-03 A 0.469112 1 2000-01-04 A -0.282863 2 2000-01-05 A -1.509059 3 2000-01-03 B -1.135632 4 2000-01-04 B 1.212112 5 2000-01-05 B -0.173215 6 2000-01-03 C 0.119209 7 2000-01-04 C -1.044236 8 2000-01-05 C -0.861849 9 2000-01-03 D -2.104569 10 2000-01-04 D -0.494929 11 2000-01-05 D 1.071804
In [3]: df.pivot(index='date', columns='variable', values='value') Out[3]: variable A B C D date 2000-01-03 0.469112 -1.135632 0.119209 -2.104569 2000-01-04 -0.282863 1.212112 -1.044236 -0.494929 2000-01-05 -1.509059 -0.173215 -0.861849 1.071804
如果剩余的value,多于一列的话,每一列都会有相应的columns值:
In [4]: df['value2'] = df['value'] * 2 In [5]: pivoted = df.pivot(index='date', columns='variable') In [6]: pivoted Out[6]: value value2 variable A B C D A B C D date 2000-01-03 0.469112 -1.135632 0.119209 -2.104569 0.938225 -2.271265 0.238417 -4.209138 2000-01-04 -0.282863 1.212112 -1.044236 -0.494929 -0.565727 2.424224 -2.088472 -0.989859 2000-01-05 -1.509059 -0.173215 -0.861849 1.071804 -3.018117 -0.346429 -1.723698 2.143608
通过选择value2,可以得到相应的子集:
In [7]: pivoted['value2'] Out[7]: variable A B C D date 2000-01-03 0.938225 -2.271265 0.238417 -4.209138 2000-01-04 -0.565727 2.424224 -2.088472 -0.989859 2000-01-05 -3.018117 -0.346429 -1.723698 2.143608
Stack是对DF进行转换,将列转换为新的内部的index。
上面我们将列A,B转成了index。
unstack是stack的反向操作,是将最内层的index转换为对应的列。
举个具体的例子:
In [8]: tuples = list(zip(*[['bar', 'bar', 'baz', 'baz', ...: 'foo', 'foo', 'qux', 'qux'], ...: ['one', 'two', 'one', 'two', ...: 'one', 'two', 'one', 'two']])) ...: In [9]: index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(tuples, names=['first', 'second']) In [10]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8, 2), index=index, columns=['A', 'B']) In [11]: df2 = df[:4] In [12]: df2 Out[12]: A B first second bar one 0.721555 -0.706771 two -1.039575 0.271860 baz one -0.424972 0.567020 two 0.276232 -1.087401
In [13]: stacked = df2.stack() In [14]: stacked Out[14]: first second bar one A 0.721555 B -0.706771 two A -1.039575 B 0.271860 baz one A -0.424972 B 0.567020 two A 0.276232 B -1.087401 dtype: float64
默认情况下unstack是unstack最后一个index,我们还可以指定特定的index值:
In [15]: stacked.unstack() Out[15]: A B first second bar one 0.721555 -0.706771 two -1.039575 0.271860 baz one -0.424972 0.567020 two 0.276232 -1.087401 In [16]: stacked.unstack(1) Out[16]: second one two first bar A 0.721555 -1.039575 B -0.706771 0.271860 baz A -0.424972 0.276232 B 0.567020 -1.087401 In [17]: stacked.unstack(0) Out[17]: first bar baz second one A 0.721555 -0.424972 B -0.706771 0.567020 two A -1.039575 0.276232 B 0.271860 -1.087401
默认情况下stack只会stack一个level,还可以传入多个level:
In [23]: columns = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([ ....: ('A', 'cat', 'long'), ('B', 'cat', 'long'), ....: ('A', 'dog', 'short'), ('B', 'dog', 'short')], ....: names=['exp', 'animal', 'hair_length'] ....: ) ....: In [24]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(4, 4), columns=columns) In [25]: df Out[25]: exp A B A B animal cat cat dog dog hair_length long long short short 0 1.075770 -0.109050 1.643563 -1.469388 1 0.357021 -0.674600 -1.776904 -0.968914 2 -1.294524 0.413738 0.276662 -0.472035 3 -0.013960 -0.362543 -0.006154 -0.923061 In [26]: df.stack(level=['animal', 'hair_length']) Out[26]: exp A B animal hair_length 0 cat long 1.075770 -0.109050 dog short 1.643563 -1.469388 1 cat long 0.357021 -0.674600 dog short -1.776904 -0.968914 2 cat long -1.294524 0.413738 dog short 0.276662 -0.472035 3 cat long -0.013960 -0.362543 dog short -0.006154 -0.923061
上面等价于:
In [27]: df.stack(level=[1, 2])
melt指定特定的列作为标志变量,其他的列被转换为行的数据。并放置在新的两个列:variable和value中。
上面例子中我们指定了两列first和last,这两列是不变的,height和weight被变换成为行数据。
举个例子:
In [41]: cheese = pd.DataFrame({'first': ['John', 'Mary'], ....: 'last': ['Doe', 'Bo'], ....: 'height': [5.5, 6.0], ....: 'weight': [130, 150]}) ....: In [42]: cheese Out[42]: first last height weight 0 John Doe 5.5 130 1 Mary Bo 6.0 150 In [43]: cheese.melt(id_vars=['first', 'last']) Out[43]: first last variable value 0 John Doe height 5.5 1 Mary Bo height 6.0 2 John Doe weight 130.0 3 Mary Bo weight 150.0 In [44]: cheese.melt(id_vars=['first', 'last'], var_name='quantity') Out[44]: first last quantity value 0 John Doe height 5.5 1 Mary Bo height 6.0 2 John Doe weight 130.0 3 Mary Bo weight 150.0
虽然Pivot可以进行DF的轴转置,Pandas还提供了 pivot_table() 在转置的同时可以进行数值的统计。
pivot_table() 接收下面的参数:
data: 一个df对象
values:一列或者多列待聚合的数据。
Index: index的分组对象
Columns: 列的分组对象
Aggfunc: 聚合的方法。
先创建一个df:
In [59]: import datetime In [60]: df = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['one', 'one', 'two', 'three'] * 6, ....: 'B': ['A', 'B', 'C'] * 8, ....: 'C': ['foo', 'foo', 'foo', 'bar', 'bar', 'bar'] * 4, ....: 'D': np.random.randn(24), ....: 'E': np.random.randn(24), ....: 'F': [datetime.datetime(2013, i, 1) for i in range(1, 13)] ....: + [datetime.datetime(2013, i, 15) for i in range(1, 13)]}) ....: In [61]: df Out[61]: A B C D E F 0 one A foo 0.341734 -0.317441 2013-01-01 1 one B foo 0.959726 -1.236269 2013-02-01 2 two C foo -1.110336 0.896171 2013-03-01 3 three A bar -0.619976 -0.487602 2013-04-01 4 one B bar 0.149748 -0.082240 2013-05-01 .. ... .. ... ... ... ... 19 three B foo 0.690579 -2.213588 2013-08-15 20 one C foo 0.995761 1.063327 2013-09-15 21 one A bar 2.396780 1.266143 2013-10-15 22 two B bar 0.014871 0.299368 2013-11-15 23 three C bar 3.357427 -0.863838 2013-12-15 [24 rows x 6 columns]
下面是几个聚合的例子:
In [62]: pd.pivot_table(df, values='D', index=['A', 'B'], columns=['C']) Out[62]: C bar foo A B one A 1.120915 -0.514058 B -0.338421 0.002759 C -0.538846 0.699535 three A -1.181568 NaN B NaN 0.433512 C 0.588783 NaN two A NaN 1.000985 B 0.158248 NaN C NaN 0.176180 In [63]: pd.pivot_table(df, values='D', index=['B'], columns=['A', 'C'], aggfunc=np.sum) Out[63]: A one three two C bar foo bar foo bar foo B A 2.241830 -1.028115 -2.363137 NaN NaN 2.001971 B -0.676843 0.005518 NaN 0.867024 0.316495 NaN C -1.077692 1.399070 1.177566 NaN NaN 0.352360 In [64]: pd.pivot_table(df, values=['D', 'E'], index=['B'], columns=['A', 'C'], ....: aggfunc=np.sum) ....: Out[64]: D E A one three two one three two C bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo B A 2.241830 -1.028115 -2.363137 NaN NaN 2.001971 2.786113 -0.043211 1.922577 NaN NaN 0.128491 B -0.676843 0.005518 NaN 0.867024 0.316495 NaN 1.368280 -1.103384 NaN -2.128743 -0.194294 NaN C -1.077692 1.399070 1.177566 NaN NaN 0.352360 -1.976883 1.495717 -0.263660 NaN NaN 0.872482
添加margins=True会添加一个All列,表示对所有的列进行聚合:
In [69]: df.pivot_table(index=['A', 'B'], columns='C', margins=True, aggfunc=np.std) Out[69]: D E C bar foo All bar foo All A B one A 1.804346 1.210272 1.569879 0.179483 0.418374 0.858005 B 0.690376 1.353355 0.898998 1.083825 0.968138 1.101401 C 0.273641 0.418926 0.771139 1.689271 0.446140 1.422136 three A 0.794212 NaN 0.794212 2.049040 NaN 2.049040 B NaN 0.363548 0.363548 NaN 1.625237 1.625237 C 3.915454 NaN 3.915454 1.035215 NaN 1.035215 two A NaN 0.442998 0.442998 NaN 0.447104 0.447104 B 0.202765 NaN 0.202765 0.560757 NaN 0.560757 C NaN 1.819408 1.819408 NaN 0.650439 0.650439 All 1.556686 0.952552 1.246608 1.250924 0.899904 1.059389
Crosstab 用来统计表格中元素的出现次数。
In [70]: foo, bar, dull, shiny, one, two = 'foo', 'bar', 'dull', 'shiny', 'one', 'two' In [71]: a = np.array([foo, foo, bar, bar, foo, foo], dtype=object) In [72]: b = np.array([one, one, two, one, two, one], dtype=object) In [73]: c = np.array([dull, dull, shiny, dull, dull, shiny], dtype=object) In [74]: pd.crosstab(a, [b, c], rownames=['a'], colnames=['b', 'c']) Out[74]: b one two c dull shiny dull shiny a bar 1 0 0 1 foo 2 1 1 0
crosstab可以接收两个Series:
In [75]: df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 2, 2, 2], 'B': [3, 3, 4, 4, 4], ....: 'C': [1, 1, np.nan, 1, 1]}) ....: In [76]: df Out[76]: A B C 0 1 3 1.0 1 2 3 1.0 2 2 4 NaN 3 2 4 1.0 4 2 4 1.0 In [77]: pd.crosstab(df['A'], df['B']) Out[77]: B 3 4 A 1 1 0 2 1 3
还可以使用normalize来指定比例值:
In [82]: pd.crosstab(df['A'], df['B'], normalize=True) Out[82]: B 3 4 A 1 0.2 0.0 2 0.2 0.6
还可以normalize行或者列:
In [83]: pd.crosstab(df['A'], df['B'], normalize='columns') Out[83]: B 3 4 A 1 0.5 0.0 2 0.5 1.0
可以指定聚合方法:
In [84]: pd.crosstab(df['A'], df['B'], values=df['C'], aggfunc=np.sum) Out[84]: B 3 4 A 1 1.0 NaN 2 1.0 2.0
get_dummies可以将DF中的一列转换成为k列的0和1组合:
df = pd.DataFrame({'key': list('bbacab'), 'data1': range(6)}) df Out[9]: data1 key 0 0 b 1 1 b 2 2 a 3 3 c 4 4 a 5 5 b pd.get_dummies(df['key']) Out[10]: a b c 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 3 0 0 1 4 1 0 0 5 0 1 0
get_dummies 和 cut 可以进行结合用来统计范围内的元素:
In [95]: values = np.random.randn(10) In [96]: values Out[96]: array([ 0.4082, -1.0481, -0.0257, -0.9884, 0.0941, 1.2627, 1.29 , 0.0824, -0.0558, 0.5366]) In [97]: bins = [0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1] In [98]: pd.get_dummies(pd.cut(values, bins)) Out[98]: (0.0, 0.2] (0.2, 0.4] (0.4, 0.6] (0.6, 0.8] (0.8, 1.0] 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0
get_dummies还可以接受一个DF参数:
In [99]: df = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['a', 'b', 'a'], 'B': ['c', 'c', 'b'], ....: 'C': [1, 2, 3]}) ....: In [100]: pd.get_dummies(df) Out[100]: C A_a A_b B_b B_c 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 2 3 1 0 1 0
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